Trapdoor model tests on impact of loading conditions on soil arching effect
XU Chao1,2, ZHANG Xing-ya1, HAN Jie3, YANG Yang1,2
1. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 3. Department of Civil/Environmental and Architectural Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045 UK
Abstract:The soil arching effect is a redistribution of the stress in soil. It is caused by the rigidity difference between the soil and the structures in the soil. The studies so far about the impact of cyclic loading on the soil arching effect is very limited. A custom-made apparatus is used to conduct plain-strain trapdoor model tests under soil self-weight, static loading and cyclic loading to study the impact of different loading conditions on the soil arching effect. The analogical soil of aluminum rods is used as the fill instead of sand. The parameter of the soil arching ratio is used to evaluate the soil arching effect. The test results from this study are compared with those from the previous studies. It is indicated that both static loading and cyclic loading reduce the existing steady soil arching. The reduction of the soil arching effect increases with the loading magnitude and frequency and decreases with the loading area. Under the same loading level, the cyclic loading reduces the soil arching effect more than the static loading. The difference of reduction caused by them decreases with the loading magnitude and increases with the loading frequency. Besides, the difference under the peak pressure is less than that under the zero pressure. On the whole, the expressions given by Evans[18] can well predict the soil arching ratios in the trapdoor tests under soil self-weight and static loading. However, an improvement of the expressions is necessary for the trapdoor tests under cyclic loading.
徐超, 张兴亚, 韩杰, 杨阳. 加载条件对土拱效应影响的Trapdoor模型试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(4): 726-732.
XU Chao, ZHANG Xing-ya, HAN Jie, YANG Yang. Trapdoor model tests on impact of loading conditions on soil arching effect. Chinese J. Geot. Eng., 2019, 41(4): 726-732.
[1] FELD J.Early history and bibliography of soil mechanics[C]// Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rotterdam, 1948: 1-7. [2] TIEN H J.A literature study of the arching effect[D]. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. [3] TERZAGHI K.Stress distribution in dry and in saturated sand above a yielding trap-door[C]// Proceedings of the International Conference of Soil Mechanics. Harvard University, Cambridge, 1936. [4] BHANDARI A.Micromechanical analysis of geosynthetic-soil interaction under cyclic loading[D]. Lawrence: The University of Kansas, 2010. [5] 徐朝阳, 周峰, 吕惠, 等. 动荷载下桩承式路堤的承载特性及机制研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2014, 35(11): 3231-3239. (XU Chao-yang, ZHOU Feng, LÜ Hui, et al.Bearing behavior and mechanism of pile-supported embankment under dynamic load[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2014, 35(11): 3231-3239. (in Chinese)) [6] JENCK O, GOMBE G, EMERIAULT A.Arching effect in a granular soil submitted to monotonic or cyclic loading: a kinematic analysis[C]// Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics. Perth, 2014. [7] 赖汉江, 郑俊杰, 崔明娟. 循环荷载下低填方桩承式路堤动力响应分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2015, 36(11): 3252-3258. (LAI Han-jiang, ZHENG Jun-jie, CUI Ming-juan.Dynamic response analysis of a low-filled piled embankment under cyclic loading[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2015, 36(11): 3252-3258. (in Chinese)) [8] SCHNEEBELI G.Une mécanique pour les terres sans cohesion[C]// Comptes Rendus des sÉances de l‘Académie des Sciences. Paris, 1956. (SCHNEEBELI G.An analogy mechanism for cohensionless soil[C]// Proceedings of the 7th Session of the Academy of the Sciences. Paris, 1956. (in French)) [9] LADANYI B, HOYAUX B.A study of the trap-door problem in a granular mass[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1969, 6(1): 1-14. [10] JENCK O, DIAS D, KASTNER R.Two-dimensional physical and numerical modeling of a plie-supported earth platform over soft soil[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2007, 133(3): 295-305. [11] MCNULTY J W.An experimental study of arching in sand[D]. Vicksburg: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1965. [12] IGLESIA G R, EINSTEIN H H, WHITMAN R V. Investigation of soil arching with centrifuge tests[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2014, 140(2): 04013005-1-13. [13] HAN J, WANG F, AL-NADDAF M, et al. Progressive development of two-dimensional soil arching with displacement[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2017, 17(12): 04017112-1-12 [14] MARSTON A, ANDERSON A O.The theory of loads on pipes in ditches and tests of cement and clay drain tile and sewer pipe[M]. Iowa: Iowa Engineering, Experiment Station, 1913. [15] BIERBAUMER A.Die dimensionerung des tunnel mauerwerks[M]. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1913. (BIERBAUMER A.The dimensioning of the tunnel masonry[M]. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1913. (in German)) [16] TERZAGHI K.Theoretical soil mechanics[M]. New York: Jon Wiley and Sons, 1943. [17] EVANS C H.An examination of arching in granular soils[D]. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1983.