Experimental analysis of passive earth pressure against rigid retaining wall under translation mode for finite soils
YING Hong-wei1, 2, ZHANG Jin-hong1, 2, WANG Xiao-gang1, 2, LI Bing-he3, ZHU Wei4
1. Research Center of Coastal and Urban Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 2. MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 3. Zhejiang Province Institute of Architectural Design and Research, Hangzhou 310008, China; 4. Zhejiang Greenton Architectural Design Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310007, China
Abstract:It is inappropriate to calculate the earth pressure for finite soils using the classical Coulomb or Rankine earth pressure theory. A series of laboratory model tests with different widths of backfill are conducted for the passive case of a rigid retaining wall subjected to horizontal translation. The change in lateral earth pressure distribution from the at-rest condition to the passive condition is monitored by using a set of pressure cells. The particle image velocimetry technique is employed to observe the development of a failure zone in the soils. The experiment results show that there is a good agreement between the measured earth pressures and the Coulomb’s solution in the case of infinite soils. However, the passive earth pressures on the moving retaining wall for finite soils are much more than the Coulomb’s solution. With the decrease of the soil width, the limited displacement of the wall under passive state seems to increase, and the passive earth pressures also increase significantly when the heights of the application points of the resultant earth pressure move down gradually. Moreover, with the decrease of the soil width, the heave of the backfill surface increases gradually, the inclination angles of the slip surface increase slightly, and the lateral earth pressures on the fixed boundary also increase gradually.
[1] TERZAGHI K. Record earth pressure testing mechine[J]. Engineering News Record, 1932, 109(13): 365-369. [2] FANG Y S, ISHIBASHI I. Static earth pressures with various wall movements[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1986, 112 (3): 317-333. [3] 周应英, 任美龙. 刚性挡土墙主动土压力的试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 1990, 12(2): 19-26. (ZHOU Ying-ying, REN Mei-long. An experimental study on active earth pressure behind rigid retaining wall[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1990, 12(2): 19-26. (in Chinese)) [4] CHANG M. Lateral earth pressures behind rotating walls[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1997, 34(4): 498-509. [5] O’NEAL T S, HAGERTY D J. Earth pressures in confined cohesionless backfill against tall rigid walls: a case history[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2011, 48(8): 1188-1197. [6] JAMES R G, BRANSBYP L. ROSCOE K H. Experimental and theoretical investigations of a passive earth pressure problem[J]. Géotechnique, 1970, 20(1): 17-37. [7] ROSCOE K H. The influence of strains in soil mechanics[J]. Géotechnique, 1970, 20(2): 129-170. [8] FANG Y S, CHEN T J, WU B F. Passive earth pressure with various wall movements[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1994, 120 (8): 1307-1323. [9] KOBAYSHI Y. Laboratory experiments with an oblique pressure wall and rigid plasticity solutions[J]. Soils and Foundations, 1998, 38 (1): 121-129. [10] FANG Y S, HO Y C, CHEN T J. Passive earth pressure with critical state concept[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2002, 128 (8): 651-659. [11] 徐日庆, 陈页开, 杨仲轩, 等. 刚性挡墙被动土压力模型试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2002, 24(5): 569-575. (XU Ri-qing, CHEN Ye-kai, YANG Zhong-xuan, et al. Experimental research on the passive earth pressure acting on a rigid wall[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2002, 24(5): 569-575. (in Chinese)) [12] HANNA A M, KHOURY I A. Passive earth pressure of overconsolidated cohesionless backfill[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2005, 131(8): 978-986. [13] FRYDMAN S, KEISSAR I. Earth pressures on retaining walls near rock faces[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1987, 113(6): 586-599. [14] TAKE W A, VALSANGKAR A J. Earth pressures on unyielding retaining walls of narrow backfill width[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2001, 38(6): 1220-1230. [15] KHOSRAVI M H, PIPATPOMGSA T, TAKEMURA J. Experimental analysis of earth pressure against rigid retaining walls under translation mode[J]. Géotechnique, 2013, 63(12): 1020-1028. [16] 朱 伟. 考虑有限土体及挡墙变位影响的土压力试验与理论研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2014. (ZHU Wei. Experimental and theoretical study on earth pressures considering limited soils and retaining wall deformation[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2014. (in Chinese)) [17] 应宏伟, 黄 东, 谢新宇. 考虑邻近地下室外墙侧压力影响的平动模式挡土墙主动土压力研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2011, 30(1): 2970-2978. (YING Hong-wei, HUANG Dong, XIE Xin-yu. Study of active earth pressure on retaining wall subject to translation mode considering lateral pressure on adjacent existing basement exterior wall[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011, 30(1): 2970-2978. (in Chinese)) [18] 应宏伟, 郑贝贝, 谢新宇. 狭窄基坑平动模式刚性挡墙被动土压力分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2011, 32(12): 3755-3762. (YING Hong-wei, ZHENG Bei-bei, XIE Xin-yu. Study of passive earth pressures against translating rigid retaining walls in narrow excavations[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2011, 32(12): 3755-3762. (in Chinese)) [19] WHITE D J, TAKE W A, BOLTON M D. Soil deformation measurements using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and photogrammetry[J]. Géotechnique, 2003, 53(7): 619-631. [20] NIEDOSTATKIEWICZ M, LESNIEWSKA D, TEJCHMAN J. Experimental analysis of shear zone patterns in cohesionless for earth pressure problems using particle image velocimetry[J]. Strain, 2011, 47(S2): 218-231. [21] LOUKIDIS D, SALGADO R. Active pressure on gravity walls supporting purely frictional soils[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2012, 49(1): 78-97. [22] TALESNICK M. Measuring soil contact pressure on a solid boundary and quantifying soil arching[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2005, 28(2): 171-179. [23] ZHU B T, JARDINE R J, FORAY P. The use of miniature soil stress measuring cells in laboratory applications involving stress reversals[J]. Soils and Foundations, 2009, 49(5): 675-688.