Uplifting behavior and bearing capacity of plate anchors in sand
ZHANG Xin1, 2, YUE Jin-chao1, LIU Ming-liang3, LIU Han-dong2
1. School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; 2. Institute of Resources and Environment, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China; 3. Henan Electric Power Survey & Design Institute, Zhengzhou 450007, China
Abstract：The deformation mechanism of sand around plate anchors during uplifting is essentially important for the reliable prediction of their ultimate bearing capacity in sand. First, a series of model tests are conducted. The digital image correlation method is used to measure the sand deformation fields during uplifting of anchors. The deformation fields show that a pair of shear zones accompanied by dilatancy are formed. The stress level, friction angle and dilatancy angle control the shape of the failure surface, thus affecting the bearing capacity of the plate anchors in sand. A prediction model for uplift force is developed based on the sand deformation mechanism around an uplifting plate anchor. The relationship among the dilatancy angle, the relative density and stress level established by Bolton is introduced to develop the theoretical formula. The comparison between the theoretical and test results is conducted. The theoretical results show good agreement with the test results.
张昕, 乐金朝, 刘明亮, 刘汉东. 砂土中锚板的抗拔机理与承载力计算模型研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2012, 34(9): 1734-1739.
ZHANG Xin, YUE Jin-chao, LIU Ming-liang, LIU Han-dong . Uplifting behavior and bearing capacity of plate anchors in sand. Chinese J. Geot. Eng., 2012, 34(9): 1734-1739.
[1] ILAMPARUTHI K, DICKIN E A, MUTHUKRISNAIAH K. Experimental investigation of the uplift behaviour of circular plate anchors embedded in sand [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2002, 39(3): 648–64.[2] 刘 嘉, 王 栋. 正常固结黏土中平板锚基础的吸力和抗拉力[J]. 岩土力学, 2009, 30(3): 735–740. (LIU Jia, WANG Dong. Tension resistance and suction of plate anchor foundation in normally consolidated clay[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2009, 30(3): 735–740. (in Chinese))[3] MEYERHOF G G, ADAMS J I. The ultimate uplift capacity of foundations[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1968, 5(4): 225–244.[4] CHATTOPADHYAY B C, PISE P J. Breakout resistance of horizontal anchors in sand[J]. Soils and Foundations, 1986, 26(4): 16–22.[5] SAEEDY H S. Stability of circular vertical anchors[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1987, 24(3): 452–456.[6] MURRAY E J, GEDDES J D. Uplift of anchor plates in sand[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1987, 113(3): 202–215.[7] GHALY A, HANNA A. Ultimate pullout resistance of single vertical anchors[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1994, 31(5): 661–672.[8] 何思明. 抗拔锚板基础承载力研究[J]. 地下空间, 2002, 22(2): 145–148. (HE Si-ming. Study on bearing capacity of uplift anchor foundation[J]. Underground Space, 2002, 22(2): 145–148. (in Chinese))[9] MERIFIELD R S, LYAMIN A V, SLOAN S W. Three- dimensional lower-bound solutions for the stability of plate anchors in sand[J]. Géotechnique, 2006, 56(2): 123–132.[10] KUMAR J, KOUZER K M. Vertical uplift capacity of horizontal anchors using upper bound limit analysis and finite elements[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2008, 45(5): 698–704.[11] 刘文白, 周 健. 扩底桩的上拔试验及其颗粒流数值模拟[J]. 岩土力学, 2004, 25(增刊2): 201–6. (LIU Wen-bai, ZHOU Jian. Prototype tests and particle flow numerical simulation of under-reamed piles on uplift loading[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2004, 25(S2): 201–206. (in Chinese))[12] WANG D, HU Y X, JIN X. Two-dimensional large deformation finite element analysis for the pulling-up of plate anchor[J]. China Ocean Engineering, 2006, 20(2): 269–278.[13] JUN L, LILING W, YU XIA H. Pullout capacity of circular plate anchors in NC clay [J]. Journal of Dalian University of Technology, 2006, 46(05): 712–719.[14] 于 龙, 刘 君, 孔宪京. 锚板在正常固结黏土中的承载力[J]. 岩土力学, 2007, 28(7): 1427–1434. (YU Long, LIU Jun, KONG Xian-jing. Stability of plate anchors in NC clay[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2007, 28(7): 1427–1434. (in Chinese))[15] BOLTON M D. Strength and dilatancy of sands[J]. Géotechnique, 1986, 36(1): 65–78.[16] ADAMS J I, HAYES D C. Uplift capacity of shallow foundations[J]. Ontario Hydro Research Quarterly, 1967, 19(1): 1–13.[17] SUTHERLAND H B. Uplift resistance of soils[J]. Géotechnique, 1988, 38(4): 493–516.[18] FADL M O. The behavior of plate anchors in sand[D]. Glasgow: University of Glasgow, 1981.[19] OVESEN N K. Centrifuge tests of the uplift capacity of anchors[M]// Proceedings of the International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Rotterdam, Neth; A. A. Balkema. 1981: 717–722.[20] BAKER W H, KONDNER R L. Pullout load capacity of circular earth anchor buried in sand[J]. National Research Council-Highway Research Board-Highway Research Record, 1966(108): 1–10.
